Why is Shakespeare still on the National English Curriculum?
Shakespeare remains a central part of the National English Curriculum for several important reasons, despite his works being over 400 years old. Here’s why he continues to be taught in schools:
1. Cultural and Historical Significance
Literary Heritage: Shakespeare’s works are foundational to English literature and culture. As one of the most influential writers in history, his impact on language, storytelling, and character development is immense. Studying his works provides students with an understanding of the evolution of English literature and the origins of many literary techniques still in use today.
Cultural Literacy: Many idioms, phrases, and references in modern English come from Shakespeare’s plays. For example, expressions like “break the ice,” “wild-goose chase,” and “heart of gold” are all Shakespearean. Understanding these references is key to being culturally literate.
2. Universal Themes
Shakespeare’s plays address timeless and universal themes such as:
• Love and Relationships: Explored in plays like Romeo and Juliet and Much Ado About Nothing.
• Power and Ambition: Seen in Macbeth, Julius Caesar, and Richard III.
• Jealousy and Revenge: As in Othello and Hamlet.
• Conflict and Identity: Explored in The Tempest and King Lear.
These themes are still relevant to modern life, allowing students to explore human nature and society across time and cultures. Shakespeare’s exploration of emotions, ethics, and dilemmas helps young people reflect on their own lives.
3. Complex Language and Literary Skill Development
Language Mastery: Shakespeare’s use of language is rich and complex, offering students a chance to stretch their understanding of vocabulary, syntax, and figurative language. His inventive wordplay, metaphors, and use of rhythm (iambic pentameter) challenge students’ analytical and interpretive skills.
Critical Thinking: Interpreting Shakespeare’s texts requires careful reading and analysis, which helps students develop higher-level thinking skills. They must consider not only the plot but also the meaning behind the words, the subtext, and the historical and cultural context in which the plays were written.
4. Dramatic and Performance Elements
Drama and Performance Skills: Shakespeare’s works were written to be performed, and studying his plays encourages students to engage with the text through performance. This helps build confidence, public speaking skills, and interpretive abilities as they bring characters and dialogue to life.
Engagement Through Drama: Many students find Shakespeare’s works more engaging when they are performed rather than simply read. By acting out scenes, students experience the dynamism of Shakespeare’s storytelling, and can relate more closely to the characters and situations.
5. Intellectual Challenge and Rigor
Critical Analysis: Shakespeare’s plays demand intellectual engagement, helping students develop close reading skills, the ability to analyse different interpretations, and the skill to build persuasive arguments about complex texts.
Diverse Interpretations: Each Shakespearean play can be interpreted in many ways, allowing for deep discussion and analysis. Teachers and students can explore the historical, feminist, political, or psychoanalytical readings of his works, making them intellectually stimulating.
6. Broad Appeal and Adaptability
Adaptability Across Eras: Shakespeare’s works have been adapted into countless modern forms, including films, books, and stage productions. This adaptability ensures his relevance to different generations. Contemporary adaptations (such as 10 Things I Hate About You for The Taming of the Shrew or West Side Story for Romeo and Juliet) show students that Shakespeare’s narratives can be retold and reimagined for modern audiences.
Connection to Modern Media: Shakespeare’s influence extends to modern films, television shows, and literature. By studying his works, students can draw connections to the media they consume today, making the texts feel more relevant.
7. Preparation for Higher Education
Essential for Further Study: For students who go on to study English Literature at A Level or university, a solid understanding of Shakespeare is critical. His works are frequently studied in-depth at higher academic levels, and familiarity with his writing style and themes is often expected.
Foundation of Literary Study: Shakespeare is often considered the bedrock of English literary study. His influence on other writers, both historically and in contemporary literature, makes his work essential for anyone pursuing further study in literature or the humanities.
8. Examination and Assessment
Assessment Opportunities: Shakespeare’s works offer a range of assessment opportunities in terms of analysis, essay writing, and oral presentations. The depth and richness of his plays provide excellent material for exploring literary devices, character development, and thematic analysis, making his works valuable for exam preparation.
Shakespeare remains a key part of the National English Curriculum because of his enduring cultural significance, the universal themes in his works, the intellectual challenge he provides, and the opportunities for engaging with language, drama, and performance. His influence on English literature and the skills students gain from studying his works justify his continued presence in modern education.